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C# 2.0 introduces several language
extensions, including Generics, Anonymous Methods, Iterators, Partial Types, and
Nullable Types.
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Generics permit classes, structs, interfaces, delegates, and
methods to be parameterized by the types of data they store and manipulate. Generics
are useful because they provide stronger compile-time type checking, require fewer
explicit conversions between data types, and reduce the need for boxing operations
and run-time type checks.
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Anonymous methods allow code blocks to be
written “in-line” where delegate values are expected. Anonymous methods are similar
to lambda functions in the Lisp programming language. C# 2.0 supports the creation of “closures” where anonymous methods access surrounding local variables and parameters.
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Iterators
are methods that incrementally compute and yield a sequence of values. Iterators
make it easy for a type to specify how the foreach
statement will iterate over its elements.
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Partial types allow classes, structs, and interfaces to be broken
into multiple pieces stored in different source files for easier development and
maintenance. Additionally, partial types allow separation of machine-generated and
user-written parts of types so that it is easier to augment code generated by a
tool.
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Nullable
types represent values that possibly are unknown. A nullable type
supports all values of its underlying type plus an additional null state. Any value
type can be the underlying type of a nullable type. A nullable type supports the
same conversions and operators as its underlying type, but additionally provides
null value propagation similar to SQL.
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